International Journal of Applied Sciences: Current and Future Research Trends

Modeling and Forecasting the Spread of Novel Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) Number of New Cases in Ethiopia

Tesfaye Denano Sorre — 2021-08-17

The novel Corona virus disease (COVID-19) was first found in Wuhan, China in December 2019, but later spread to other parts of the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines a pandemic as “the worldwide spread of a new disease”. The main aim of this study was to forecast the spread of COVID-19 new cases in Ethiopia. In this study we used the data of confirmed Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) cases reported daily from March 13, 2020 until April 4, 2021 that were obtained from ministry of health Ethiopia and WHO. ARIMA model was applied to examine the data used to generate 60 days forecast. ARIMA (0, 1, 1) estimates the number of confirmed COVID-19 new cases based on a 95 percent confidence interval between March 13, 2020 and April 4, 2021. In the next two months, the maximum expected new cases per day were 2353, while the minimum estimate was 2042 cases per day. Furthermore, by the end of May 2021, the total number of confirmed COVID-19 predicted cases could reach about 343,563. Although more data are needed to have a more detailed prevision, the spread of the virus seems to be increasing according to time series plot. However the forecasting ARIMA (0, 1, 1) model shows fast increasing within a predicted time period in Ethiopia. According to the study results, the government and all concerned bodies should work to stop the pandemic from spreading through Ethiopia. Increasing the regular test potential for Covid-19 by increasing test sites and implementing successful and efficient behavioral change and communication interventions should be considered throughout the country.

Ketogenic Diet Practices for Weight Management and Health Outcomes

Marwa Alwerfaly — 2021-09-14

ketogenic diets or very-low-carbohydrate ketogenic diets (VLCKD) have been in use long time ago as treatment for epilepsy and thereafter being become widely known as one of the most common methods for obesity treatment. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to determine the efficacy of ketogenic diet in weight reduction program and also point out the health outcome and blood biochemical changes during time of dieting. A cross sectional study was carried out in 100 participants used ketogenic diet for their weight management from week 1 to approximately week 13 (29 male and 71 female) with those regard less their body mass index but with ages 32.48 ± 2.27, respectively. Pre-design questionnaire was used and data were analyzed by paired Student's t test or chi-square accordingly. There were no significant changes in liver and renal function test, potassium ALT, AST, and blood creatinine except slightly decreased in sodium and increased acetone . The significant (P < 0.05) reduction in BMI (32.45 Kg/m2 to 27.4 Kg/m2), body weight (94.0 kg to 78.9 Kg) have been found. Furthermore, the total weight loss found significant (19%) by which repsresent by 15 kg. Waist circumference and waist hip ratio were improved. The result also shown significant increased platelet count (P< 0.05). All lipid profile shown normal except slightly increased in LDL.The three significant top food were mostly consumed meat, chicken and eggs (P< 0.05). Although, there was some minor side effect reported by the participant include constipation, bad breathing and lack of appetite and no other clinical signs reported. The more weight reduction has been shown in age groups 20-30 years old (20 kg) (P< 0.05) during time of dieting. No differences in weight reduction among male and female. The ketogenic diet lead to weight reduction, improvements in a number of risk markers included cardiovascular events and showed good compliance. Furthermore, ketogenic diet considered safe, an effective strategy for the management of overweight and obesity and promoting non-atherogenic lipid profiles, improving fasting blood glucose levels. Future research should include a larger sample size, a longer term use and a comparison with other ketogenic diets.

Contribution of Umurenge Saving and Credit Cooperatives (Saccos) to the Living Standards of Improvement of Members in Rwanda. A Case Study of Mahembe Umurenge Sacco (2017-2019)

Ndabananiye Gamariel — 2021-09-20

All over the world, savings and credit cooperatives have played the fundamental starring role in promoting living standard improvement of population. This study focuses on the evaluation on savings and credits cooperatives on living standards improvement of SACCO’s members in Rwanda. The study aimed at finding out whether the saving and credit cooperatives were effective and whether they really have contribution on member’s living standards improvement in Rwanda especially in Mahembe Umurenge SACCO. The design of this study was a quantitative descriptive in nature. A sample size of 70 respondents were selected randomly to take part into this study and data were analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20. The findings revealed that Saving and Credits Cooperatives have a great contribution to the living standards improvement of SACCO’s members and there is a strong positive and significant relationship between saving and credit cooperatives and members’ living standards improvement and also a significant influence of saving and credit cooperatives on members’ living standards.

Fighting Airborne Spread of COVID-19: An Innovative, Economical and Effective High Vacuum Extra Oral Dental Suction System (HVEDS) for Dental Practices

Mervyn Hosein — 2021-09-22

COVID-19 pandemic has led to a great deal of commentary about the airborne spread of the disease. It is of special concern for the dentists as most of the dental procedures generate significant amount of aerosols and droplets. Given such high risk and inevitable aerosol production in dentistry, special precautions and protective measures to ensure safe delivery of dental treatment is directed. To ensure negligence free dental practice, in addition to the standard protective procedures and measures, high vacuum extra oral dental suction system is a mandated dental armamentarium. Most commercially available vacuum aspirators are pricey and require special units with which they can work. In a country like Pakistan, where expensive armamentarium is neither available, nor easily affordable, we present an economical yet effective, high volume extra oral dental suction system for the dental offices which does not require heavy monetary investment. An in-house alternate to the commercially available extra oral aspirator is introduced here. We devised a make-shift extra oral aerosol aspirator which can be effortlessly assembled with the materials easily available around dental offices. When tried in use, the aerosol and spatter was eliminated through the cone-shaped oil key and collected into the collection bin as observed visually. The equipment, due to its high vacuum suction capability sucks the aerosol and splatter from the working area to the collection cone. Post COVID-19, we can expect a lot of changes in the infection control practices and guidelines. The use of extra oral vacuum aspiration along with the conventional protocol has been recommended to protect both the dental staff and the patients as the high vacuum extra oral aspirator may offer the way to reduce the generated aerosol particulate.

Newborn Care Practice and Associated Factors Among Mothers of a Child Less Than Ten Month in Bonke District, Gamo Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Prasad Bhattarai — 2021-06-14

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Crop Water Requirements and Irrigation Schedules for Five Major Crops in Kankai Irrigation System

Muhammad Jawad — 2021-06-14

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Analysis of Conservation Voltage Reduction (CVR) Factor for Various Types of Loads

OBED JOHN DAGWA — 2021-06-14

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Potential Water Reservoirs Sites Mapping using Geo-spatial Technology

kifle kassaw — 2021-06-14

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Comparative Analysis of Routing Protocols AODV, DSDV, DSR &TORA

Goytom Welegerima — 2021-06-14

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Effect of Water Salinity Concentration on Flathead Grey Mullet Performance

Habtamu Getnet — 2021-06-14

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Generalized Rough Convex Sets in Euclidean Space Eⁿ

Amera Malaco — 2021-06-14

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Newborn Care Practice and Associated Factors Among Mothers of a Child Less Than Ten Month in Bonke District, Gamo Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Prasad Bhattarai — 2021-08-06

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