International Journal of Applied Sciences: Current and Future Research Trends
The International Journal of Social Sciences: Current and Future Research Trends (IJSSCFRT) is an open access International Journal for scientists and researchers to publish their scientific papers in Social Sciences related fields. IJSSCFRT plays its role as a refereed international journal to publish research results conducted by researchers. This journal accepts scientific papers for publication after passing the journal's double peer review process within 4 weeks. For detailed information about the journal kindly check About the Journal page. All IJSSCFRT published papers in Social Sciences will be available for scientific readers for free; no fees are required to download published papers in this international journal.
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Synthesis and Characterization of V2O5 Nanorods on Different Substrates under Thermal Annealing
Vanadium pentoxide (V?O?) nanorods have arisen as interesting functional materials owing to their distinctive one-dimensional structure, adjustable bandgap, and exceptional electrochemical and optical characteristics. Their synthesis and characterization under diverse thermal annealing conditions on various substrates have garnered considerable interest for applications in photodiodes, gas sensors, and electrochromic devices. Various synthetic methods, such as hydrothermal growth, spray pyrolysis, and chemical pyrophoric reactions, have facilitated the precise synthesis of V?O? nanorods exhibiting substrate-dependent structural, morphological, and electrical characteristics. Thermal annealing is essential for adjusting crystallinity, defect density, optical absorbance, and electrical conductivity. Recent research indicate that substrate type, annealing duration, and temperature substantially impact nanorod orientation, growth density, and interfacial characteristics, thereby affecting device performance. This paper synthesizes advancements in synthesis processes, annealing effects, and substrate influence on V?O? nanorods, establishing a basis for customizing nanostructures for energy, sensing, and optoelectronic applications.
Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Applied Sciences: Current and Future Research Trends https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Proton-Induced Nuclear Reactions on Tellurium Isotopes (125Te, 126Te) at Intermediate Energies (10-100 MeV) Using Code COMPLET
Theoretical nuclear model predictions were carried out using computer code COMPLET to calculate the excitation function of 125Te(p,xn)124,123,121I, x=2,3,5 and 126Te(p,xn)125,124,123I, x=2-4 reaction channels respectively. The aim of this study is to investigate proton-induced nuclear reactions on Tellurium isotopes (125Te, 126Te) at intermediate energies (10-100MeV) using COMPLET code and EXFOR database based on compound nucleus and pre-equilibrium stage of nuclear reactions. The calculated pre-equilibrium and compound nucleus excitation functions are discussed and compared with the experimental data taken from EXFOR database and indicated a considerable positive and strong correlation as 0.7 ? R < 1 for all six reaction channels. There is a good agreement between theoretical cross-sections and experimental data from the EXFOR data center. This work also demonstrates that for each reaction channels, the low-energy ranges are dominated by the compound nucleus reaction mechanism, whereas the high-energy ranges are dominated by the pre-equilibrium reaction mechanism.
Copyright (c) 2024 International Journal of Applied Sciences: Current and Future Research Trends https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
A Comprehensive Review of Waterproof Breathable Materials: Advancements and Applications
Waterproof breathable materials (WBM) are essential in a variety of industries, providing a critical balance between good water and air permeability. This unique combination deflects water, rain, and other moisture away from wet working conditions - rain beads up and rolls off the surface of your gear so you stay dry, while sweat vapor easily escapes to help keep your inner layers dry. It is widely applied in the field of outdoor sportswear and protection equipment, as well as medical textiles such as surgical gowns and dressings to prevent liquid penetration while allowing air permeability of the skin. Furthermore, they are critical for dealing with extreme weather conditions and even in aerospace applications. In recent years, the need for improved durability, performance and sustainability has driven advances in technology. Among these advances, electrospinning has emerged as a transformative technology that has enabled the creation of efficient WBM. These electrospun membranes often outperform traditional materials like laminated polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) by offering superior control over pore size and porosity, which are key determinants of breathability and waterproofing. Additionally, the versatility of electrospinning enables the incorporation of nanoparticles or surface treatments to add multifunctional properties, such as UV protection or antimicrobial activity. In this paper, the application, development technology, the shortcomings of early methods and the latest innovations of electrospinning are reviewed, with emphasis on electrospinning.
Optimizing Energy-Efficient 5G Resource Allocation for Machine-Type Communication through Reinforcement Learning
With the proliferation of machine-type communication (MTC) devices in 5G networks, there is a growing need to optimize resource allocation to ensure energy efficiency and network performance. The advent of 5G networks has opened up opportunities for massive connectivity of MTC devices in various application domains, such as Internet of Things (IoT) sensors and devices. However, the resource allocation for MTC poses significant challenges due to the dynamic and diverse traffic patterns generated by a large number of devices. Traditional resource allocation methods may not be suitable for handling MTC’s unique energy efficiency and scalability requirements. This re- search paper proposes a novel approach using reinforcement learning to optimize energy-efficient resource allocation for MTC in 5G networks. This paper presents a reinforcement learning- based approach to optimize resource allocation in 5G networks for MTC. The proposed approach utilizes reinforcement learning algorithms to learn and adapt resource allocation policies based on real-time network conditions and device demands. By employing a reward-based mechanism, the system maximizes energy efficiency while meeting the quality of service (QoS) requirements of MTC devices. The experimental evaluations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in optimizing energy- efficient resource allocation for MTC in 5G networks. The results show significant improvements in energy consumption and network performance compared to traditional resource allocation methods. The reinforcement learning-based approach adapts to varying traffic conditions, effectively balancing resource allocation and minimizing energy waste. The contributions of this research include the development of a novel framework for energy-efficient resource allocation in 5G networks, specifically tailored for MTC. The proposed approach enables intelligent decision-making and adaptation based on real-time network dynamics by leveraging reinforcement learning techniques. The optimization of resource allocation for MTC devices in 5G networks enhances energy efficiency, scalability, and overall network performance.
This article aims to explore the evolution of USB attacks from their inception to the present day. By examining the equipment, history, and threat posed by USB hotplug attacks, this study builds on previous research and a comprehensive literature review of related technologies. This foundation has been utilized to understand the increasing prevalence of USB threats, their technological advancements, potential impacts, and prevention methods. The findings indicate that the trend of USB-targeted attacks has been on the rise, significantly impacting various societal functions and industries. The study underscores the need for further research on USB attacks and the development of protective measures to address vulnerabilities that have emerged alongside the evolution of USB technology.
The Wisdom and Spread of Realist Philosophy of Education
Realism began with the belief in the external existence of the simple intellect of man. According to the contemporary realist British philosopher Macmur, the sensible experience of this simple intellect of ordinary people is the realistic view. The main point of realism is that the existence of the known object is knowledge-neutral or mind-neutral. The existence of the object exists even if the knower does not see any known object. The essential purpose of realism in education is that realism refers to scientific or evidential knowledge as the background for the pursuit of understanding. In this way, realism reflects the inherent materialism and supports modern science. According to realists, the ideal of education needs to be real. The purpose of education should be to teach what is necessary in the workplace of life. The limitation of mere textbooks should not be the ideal of education. Along with textbook knowledge, we need to know the environment around us well. From the above discussion, it is necessary to get a preliminary idea about the nature, goals, objectives, methods, school, teacher and student roles of realistic education. It is also necessary to analyze how logical realistic education is in the development of society and the state and in achieving moral development. The aim and purpose of writing this research paper is to gain a preliminary idea about realistic education and to analyze whether realistic education is capable of meeting the needs of society through philosophical analysis.
Empowering Pacific Communities: A Review of Regional HIV Prevention and Care Approaches
HIV/AIDS is still a major public health concern in the Pacific, where treatment and prevention are severely hampered by social stigma, physical remoteness, and insufficient healthcare infrastructure. Inconsistencies in intervention tactics and unequal access to healthcare continue to impede efforts to contain the epidemic. With almost 90% of cases reported, Papua New Guinea (PNG) has the highest disease burden, which is made worse by the country's fast urbanization, poor access to healthcare, and irregular condom use. This systematic review aims to analyze current HIV transmission trends, risk factors, and intervention strategies across the Pacific. The study seeks to identify gaps in healthcare infrastructure, assess the effectiveness of community-driven initiatives, and explore digital health innovations such as telemedicine to enhance HIV prevention and care. Using peer-reviewed publications, reports from global health organizations, and regional health policy documents, a thorough literature assessment was carried out. Relevance to HIV/AIDS prevention, treatment, and Pacific healthcare infrastructure was taken into consideration while choosing sources. Key obstacles and effective approaches were categorized using thematic analysis. The results show that although mobile health (mHealth) programs and community-driven efforts have raised HIV awareness, their effects are still unequal and have limited scalability. People are still discouraged from being tested and receiving treatment because of stigma and discrimination. Addressing these issues requires bolstering public health infrastructure, integrating digital health solutions, and enhancing regional collaboration. A multi-sectoral strategy is needed for a thorough, long-lasting response to HIV/AIDS in the Pacific, with a focus on reducing stigma, bolstering the healthcare system, and integrating telemedicine to provide better access to care. Closing gaps in HIV prevention and treatment requires investment in digital health innovations and regional policy cooperation.
Desulfurization of Model Oil Fuel with CuW/TiO2?GO through Photocatalytic Oxidation
Graphene oxide (GO) was co-modified with copper, tungsten, and titanium oxide. The resulting samples were characterized using the X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and nitrogen adsorption?desorption techniques. XRD analysis indicated the coexistence of TiO2, CuO, and WO3 in the catalysts. The catalytic performance of the resulting materials in the desulfurization of model oil fuel was evaluated using a photocatalytic reactor. The desulfurization rate, the refined oil yield, and the increase in the octane number of model oil reached 100%, 99.4%, and 1.6 units, respectively, under suitable conditions of a metal content of 10.3%, a metal ratio of 0.7, a reaction temperature of 313K, a reaction time of 1 h, a catalyst/oil ratio of 0.25.
A Glance on Ageing, Longevity & the Roles of Free Radicals
This paper explores the intricate relationship between aging, cellular dynamics, and oxidative stress, emphasizing the role of free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the aging process. It traces the historical context of longevity, highlighting the significant increase in life expectancy over the centuries and the biological mechanisms underlying aging, including mitochondrial DNA mutations and cellular senescence. Recent findings from the Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology reveal a crucial link between cell membrane integrity and aging, demonstrating how mechanical damage to membranes can influence cell fate and senescence. The research further investigates the impact of free radicals generated during metabolic processes and their contribution to cellular damage, leading to accelerated aging. The role of thiol groups, particularly in biomolecules like cysteine and glutathione, is examined for their antioxidant properties and significance in maintaining cellular health. The paper concludes that aging is a cumulative response to various stressors, both internal and external, underscoring the need for future research focused on therapeutic interventions that enhance cellular repair mechanisms and promote healthy longevity. Understanding these molecular underpinnings can inform strategies aimed at improving the quality of life and extending health spans in aging populations.
Morocco has a well-developed institutional and legal framework and an agile private sector. This is the basis for energy efficiency in buildings projects, especially in the residential and tertiary sector. Enforcement and development of further regulations and of financial mechanisms for residential housing .So this Energy efficiency and thermal comfort in buildings have become increasingly important in recent years due to growing concerns about climate change, resource conservation, and occupant well-being. As a result, international standards have been developed to guide and regulate the design and operation of buildings with the goal of optimizing energy consumption, while providing comfortable and healthy indoor environments. This led to several key international standards and Regulations to be introduced that play a significant role in shaping the energy performance and thermal comfort of buildings worldwide. By understanding and adhering to these standards, building professionals can contribute to a more sustainable and energy-efficient future. The recommends prioritizing natural ventilation strategies and minimizing infiltration in building design and construction for building professionals, designers, and architects. It calls for regulatory authorities to revise building codes and regulations to better account for the effects of air infiltration and natural ventilation on energy performance. The research also encourages further investigation in the field of natural ventilation and infiltration to promote sustainable, energy-efficient, and bioclimatic building.
An extensive review of the history and current status of MXene-based gas sensors is presented here. The unusual electrical, optical, and mechanical features of MXenes, a novel family of two-dimensional transition metal carbides and nitrides, have garnered a lot of attention in recent years. These properties make MXenes highly promising materials for various applications, including gas sensing. This review examines various strategies used to enhance the performance of MXene-based gas sensors, including surface modification, hybridization with other materials, and device design. A detailed analysis of the sensing mechanism and the factors that influence the sensing performance is also presented. The authors also address the challenges and limitations MXene-based gas sensors face, including low stability and sensitivity, poor selectivity, and limited applicability to different gas types. They highlight the need for further research to overcome these limitations and enhance the sensing performance. The review provides valuable insights into the potential and limitations of MXene-based gas sensors and serves as a useful reference for researchers and engineers working in the field. This study is concluded by highlighting the future directions and opportunities for further development of MXene-based gas sensors.
Impact of Biochare and Mycorrhizal Fungus Glomus sp. as Biofertilizer on Phaseolus vulgaris Plant Growth
The study aimed to determine the effect of different concentrations of biochare and there interaction with the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae growth of Phaseolus vulgaris plant cultivated in plastic pots. The results showed a significant increase in the vegetative growth parameters of green bean plants ,The interaction treatment between mycorrhizal fungi and the addition of 3% of biochare achieved the highest average plant height which was 39.13 cm compared control treatment which was 30.90 cm . The highest average number of leaves was in the treatment of mycorrhizal fungus interaction with 1% biochare, which was 17.33 leaves.plant-1, The treatment of mycorrhizal fungi interacting with 3% biochare significantly outperformed the rest of the treatments and recorded 14.94 gm in fresh shoot weight ,The interaction treatment of mycorrhizal fungus with 3% biochare significantly outperformed the rest of the treatments, as it recorded a dry weight of 2.540 gm ,as for the control treatment, it recorded the lowest dry weight of the green mass, which was 1.487 gm.Treatment of mycorrhizal fungus and 1% biochare interaction achieved the highest increase in root length, which was 63.8 cm. The treatment of mycorrhizal fungus interaction with 3% Biochare significantly outperformed the rest of the treatments, as it recorded a root fresh weight of 28.36 gm, treatments of mycorrhizal fungus with 3% biochare recorded a significant increase in the average dry weight of the root compared to the rest of the treatment and was 2.257 gm compared to the control treatment which recorded the lowest average dry weight of the root and was 0.897 gm.
Impact of Ion Fluence on Ripple Formation Using Ar+ and Kr+ Irradiations
This study investigates the impact of altering the fluence of Ar+ and Kr+ ion irradiations on the generation of ripples on surfaces. Ar+ ions with lower mass produces ripples with longer wavelengths due to their higher penetration range compared to Kr+, but smaller roughness of the ripples is associated with the lower sputtering. The RBS-C investigation indicates that higher ion fluence results in the augmentation of the amorphous layer below the ripples. Mathematical studies validate that as time progresses, the wavelength of ripples expands and is directly related to the length at which atoms are re-deposited, which is determined by the thickness of the amorphous layer. Thus, ripple growth is controlled by solid flow velocity and the amorphous layer's thickness.
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Proximate and Mineral Composition of Meliponula beccarii Bees Honey from Potential Areas of Oromia
Stingless bee honey from various areas has its own unique components because of difference in flora, climate condition, and different methods of purifying and storage condition of honey. The objective of this study was to investigate the proximate and mineral composition of M. beccarii honey from different areas including Tokke kuttaye, Chalia, Gera, Bacho, Alle and Didu districts of Oromia region in Ethiopia. Moisture, ash, protein and fat contents were determined using oven drying, muffle furnace, Kjeldahl and Soxhlet extractor methods, respectively. Mineral composition of honey was analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry method after digestion. The proximate results of moisture, ash, protein, fat, and carbohydrate were 23.20-34.88, 0.14-0.34, 0.11-1.42, 0.11-0.16 and 63.02-75.23 g/100g, respectively. Mineral composition of stingless bee honey for Na, K, Ca, Mg and P range was 59.46-490.60, 1351.60-5892.11, 67.58-426.63, 20.16- 96.57 and 0.1-0.18 mg/kg, respectively. The results have shown that this honey is a good source of carbohydrate and potassium because the contents of these macronutrients were found to be high in the honey when compared to others. This could show the honey can be branded and supplied in honey supply chains especially at supermarkets. The results of this study also indicated that the mineral contents of honey varied among the locations which might be caused by the natural absorption of minerals by plants from the soil and the environment.
A Paradigm for Object Detection to Recognize and Classify Vehicles Using Computer Vision
Computer vision has emerged as a game-changing technology in the mining industry, revolutionizing operations and unlocking various use case scenarios. With increased trade facilities, ports are recognized as one of the most diligent work environments globally. The applications of machine learning and computer vision in ports offer improved security, efficient container management, intelligent traffic management, predictive maintenance, automated operations, and environmental monitoring. These advancements contribute to streamlined processes, cost reduction, enhanced safety, and overall optimization in port environments. This study proposes an approach to detect and classify vehicles in a port during the wintertime in Finland using computer vision and machine learning methods. Due to the high variability between seasons, particularly winter and summer in Finland, there might be a need to categorize images by time of year. The study is developed as a model to detect and classify vehicles in the port area, and the port used in the study acts as an international hub for various trades and industries, including but not limited to chemistry and mining.
transportation and logistics engineering
industrial engineering and operations research
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Fungal Contamination and its Distribution in Cafeteria Surfaces: Study from the College of Education for Girls, University of Baghdad
This research was carried out to detect the level of fungal contamination on some surfaces in cafeteria College of Education for Girls, University Baghdad. Fungal contamination was identified and enumerated in a total 514 dust samples collected from chairs, tables, table clothes and containers; these results were expressed as colony-forming units per cubic meter (CFU m-1). Aspergillus niger, Penicillium sp., and Cladosporium spp. were the three most abundant fungal species in all samples. Total fungi in the first set of samples were counted up to 242 CFU. m-1, and Aspergillus niger was the most common fungus identified (76.4% of total fungi). In the second group of samples, the level of fungal contamination was higher and included 500 CFUE. m-1, where Aspergillus sp. represented the other 72.3%). The third set had the least amount of contamination, giving an average 283 CFU. The proportion of Aspergillus showed a slight decrease by m-1, but it was still unchanged with 42.4% in total (Table This study highlights the health risks that may exist in public spaces such as a cafeteria due to fungi specifically A. niger, which implies better sanitation strategies are needed to reduce exposure and related contamination hazards.
Clinical and Taxonomical Study of Spider Bites in Baghdad, Iraq: Demographic and Treatment Outcomes
In the present study, we aimed to provide taxonomical and clinical analysis of spider bites in Baghdad. The sample consisted of 22 patients, ranging from 23 to 37 years old; there was a prevalence of male cases (77.3%). Most of the patients (77.3%) enrolled lately in > 10 days after bite, and only less number of them < 14 to almost up to the first hospital visit referring period i.e., within three weeks post-bite onset during, while others % presented early between initially over a week post-bite). In total, 59.1% of the bites were observed in thighs and groin followed by legs (13.6%), fingers with genitalia/axilla less than that figure; Table-I). The initial presentations of this clinical form were similar to cellulitis, with erythematous plaque and central necrosis. Patients presented late with PG like ulcers, polygonal margins and black eschar. Application of topical antiseptics, antibiotics, corticosteroids and the use of antihistamines were all preferred treatment by most studies. There were no surgical interventions. The healing time differed according to size of the lesion and stage at which the biopsy was taken, varying from 2 to 8 weeks. This case series reveals the clear-cut clinical stages of spider bite presentations in Iraq, emphasizing on prompt diagnosis and conservative management to get optimal results.
A Survey on Legionnaires Disease and Benefits of Using IoT and Artificial Intelligence for Control Measure
In this paper, we summarized Legionella, its outbreaks, detection techniques, compliance, and traditional control measures. We proposed the benefits of using a Remote temperature monitoring and tap flushing system that can be implemented with the help of Internet of Things (IOT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI). Legionella bacteria is usually found in all types of water systems and soil. Humans are affected by breathing Aerosols from the infected sources. Figure 2 shows the major sources of Legionella and its routes to human exposure. It is asymptomatic in most individuals but can cause Pontiac fever, Legionnaires disease and can lead to severe Pneumonia. People with weak immune systems, the old aged and smokers are most susceptible to legionaries' disease. There are no distinct symptoms for legionnaires disease, so it is unnoticed or neglected most of the time. Legionellaceae family consists of more than 50 species of which Legionella Pneumophila is the most common serogroup which causes Legionnaires disease. Temperature between 20°C to 50°C is most suitable for its growth. Artificial water systems like water tanks, Domestic water distribution systems, Spa pools, Cooling towers are some of the major sources of legionella. Legionella bacteria grows on Biofilms and stagnant water in supply pipes and water systems. There is detailed guidance and legislation to maintain these systems to prevent legionella outbreaks. A remote temperature monitoring and a remote outlet flushing solution can help the legionella organizations to keep the water systems compliant and safe from Legionella. A sensor network for remote monitoring of water temperatures and initiating outlet flushes can help reduce the manual efforts.
The Mystery of Gravity & The phantom of Dark Energy are Explained by a Hidden Dimension of Time & Undiscovered Fundamental Force in Nature
The Standard Model of physics explains three of the four fundamental forces that govern the universe: electromagnetism, strong force, and weak force, but it lacks the fourth fundamental force which is gravity. The rapid acceleration of the expansion of the universe indicates that our understanding of gravity as a force between two masses or as a result of the curvature of spacetime caused by a mass is incomplete. Some theorists suggest that a particle called graviton is the carrier for the force of gravity. Unlike the carriers for the other three fundamental forces in nature, the graviton, has never been found experimentally at the large hydron collider in CERN laboratory, which raise the question is gravity a real fundamental force in nature, or it could be a force that result from the interaction between two fundamental forces in nature & one of them has not been discovered yet. Here, we show that we live in a universe with more than one dimension of time where the universe generates a linear time dimension from an energy that results from subatomic particles interactions. This novel interaction at subatomic particles also generates undiscovered fundamental force that interacts with electromagnetism to generate gravity. This undiscovered fundamental force along with a hidden dimension of time in the universe explains the rapid acceleration of the expansion of the universe, or what is known as dark energy.
Effect of Different Soil Wetting Patterns on Water Availability to Watermelon Crop and its Productivity
Farmers try to adapt to climate change in semi-arid areas by practicing improved agricultural production. However there is a limitation on practices that promote adaptation to climate change in the semi-arid areas. The information on depths and widths of wetted zone of soil under drip application of water have a great significance in the design and management of drip irrigation system for delivering required quantity of water and chemicals to plants. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of different soil wetted patterns from the different frequencies and durations of irrigation application and use of soil super absorbent polymer on the water productivity of watermelon crop. Baringo County soil is mostly clay with frequent droughts and the rains are inconsistent, hence the need for sensitization on improved technologies so as to adopt to climate change. Different plots were laid with different irrigation frequencies and durations, daily for 4.5, 2.25 and 1.5 hours, after two days for 9, 4.5 and 3 hours and after three days for 13.5 ,6.75 and 4.5 hours. Super absorbent polymer was added to the half of the experimental plots. Watermelon crop was planted to maturity on the experimental plots in order to determine the water productivity from the different soil wetting patterns. Water productivity was computed based on the total yield of watermelon crop and quantity of water used for the different wetting patterns. The soil from the study area was classified as clay and the use of the super absorbent polymer did not improve on the water melon crop water productivity. Results from the study revealed that the highest water productivity of 18.2 kg/m3 was at irrigation frequency of two days and 9 hrs irrigation duration on the soil without the super absorbent polymer and the lowest of 9.78 kg/m3 at irrigation frequency of 3 days and 13.5 hrs irrigation duration on the soil with the super absorbent polymer. These findings can be adopted by the farmers in proper design of a drip irrigation system for growing of watermelon crop in clay soil with similar climatic conditions in order to improve on its water productivity.
Heart Sounds Generate the Fine Structure Constant
Classical mechanics and quantum mechanics are two major fields of physics that describe reality through the structure of matter. Classical mechanics describes reality as deterministic, while quantum mechanics describes it as probabilistic. Since both describe reality by separate unrelated laws of physics, there is no theory fits both fields into a single framework that makes the two mathematically compatible in the context of the standard model of physics. During the advancement in both fields, a dimensionless number that has been incredibly mysterious and unbelievably important starts to appear everywhere in quantum physics. This number is called the fine structure constant. Here we show how the human heart plays an important physiological role in generating the numeric value of this mysterious number which turns out to be a port of entry to a new undiscovered dimension of time differs from the cosmological time. This finding led us to discover a mechanism in the universe that mirrors the physiological process of the heart to generate similar hidden dimension of time for the universe, which turns out to be the key that connects both classical mechanic & quantum mechanics in single framework.
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Predicting Probable Number of Escherichia Coli from pH, Temperature and Turbidity to Indicate Water Quality in Gezira State, Sudan
Predicting water quality is crucial for distinguishing safe and unsafe water in under-equipped laboratory settings, especially in developing countries. In this study, we utilized a linear regression model to predict the probable number of Escherichia coli (E. coli) based on water temperature, pH and turbidity. The analysis was conducted on 185 water samples collected from diverse sources such as surface water and groundwater in Gezira state, Sudan. The biological quality of the water was assessed using a compartmental bag test (CBT), with the possible number of E. coli serving as an indicator of water quality. The findings indicate that 58.3% of water sources are deemed safe, 16.8% categorized as intermediate risk/probably safe, 16.2 were probably unsafe and 22.2% are considered unsafe. The regression model effectively processed the measured values and demonstrated a high level of prediction accuracy. Furthermore, the turbidity significantly contributed to the prediction (p < .005).
Technology of a New Potato Based Food Product: Porridge Lumps from Orange-Fleshed Sweet Potato Enriched with Moringa Leaves Powder or Baobab Fruit Pulp
Cereals-based lumps are locally well appreciated foods while orange-fleshed sweet potato is an underutilised food security crop. The objective of this study was to contribute to its consumption through development of porridge lumps. Formulations of orange-fleshed sweet potato flour with moringa leaves powder (10 and 15%) and baobab fruit pulp (10 and 15%) were made. As results, a flow process was developed. Lumps pH and total dry matter values varied between 4.1 to 5.3 and 92.1 to 95.8% respectively. Mean contents of Fe, Zn, K, Na, and Mg were similar between the end-products and highest for K (11437 to 13059 µg/g). Aerobic flora loads were in the magnitude of 102 to 103 UFC/g and similar to those of yeast and molds. Very few counts were observed for thermo-tolerant coliforms. Sensory analyses showed a good appreciation. This study will contribute to improve sustainably local diets quality.
The Effects of Age and Some Vital Signs on Prostate-Specific Antigen Concerning Early Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer: A Multinomial Logistic Regression Approach
Prostate cancer, regarded as a health anomaly frequently experienced by males over the age of 45, has gained prominence among cancer disorders experienced by the entire human species in recent years. Discussions about the anomaly's management, treatment, and early diagnosis have also gained attention. There is a paucity of literature on the application of multinomial logistic regression (MLR) to model prostate-specific antigen (PSA) for early diagnosis of prostate cancer through the effects of age and some vital signs associated with fluctuations in PSA. In this study, multinomial logistic regression was applied to model changes in PSA under two different classifications of the PSA levels (four categories and five categories) with age, pulse rate, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure as the predictor variables. In each classification, the procedure begins by only grouping the age predictor variable and finding the effects of the predictor variables on the categories of the PSA. The procedure is then repeated with age and pulse rate grouped. The MLR for the two classifications were then compared based on prediction accuracy, no information rate, and kappa value. The results show that the model with the first classification of PSA was better than the second classification especially when the pulse rate is also grouped. Age and pulse rate significantly affect prostate-specific antigen (PSA) categories. The 45-55 age group is the most significant, while no-risk individuals have no significant difference in PSA levels. Increased pulse rates may reduce prostate cancer risk in males with PSA levels greater than 50.
Review of Artificial Intelligence Applications in the Geomatics Field
Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming the field of geomatics, which is the science of collecting, managing, and analyzing spatial data. AI is being used to automate tasks, improve accuracy, and enable new applications in geomatics. One of the most significant impacts of AI in geomatics is in the area of data processing and analysis. AI can be used to automate the processing of large amounts of geospatial data, which can lead to improved accuracy and efficiency in tasks such as land surveying, cartography, and environmental monitoring. For example, AI can be used to identify patterns and trends in data that would be difficult or impossible to detect by human analysts. Another area where AI is having a major impact in geomatics is in 3D modeling and visualization. AI can be used to create 3D models of the real world, which can be used for applications such as urban planning, infrastructure design, and disaster management. For example, AI can be used to create digital twins of cities, which can be used to simulate the impact of different planning decisions. Machine learning is a type of AI that allows computers to learn from data without being explicitly programmed. Machine learning is being used in a variety of geomatics applications, such as image classification, object detection, and natural language processing. For example, machine learning can be used to identify objects in satellite images, such as buildings or roads. Robotics is another area where AI is having a major impact in geomatics. Robots can be used to perform tasks in dangerous or inaccessible environments. They can also be used to collect data in remote areas. For example, robots can be used to survey disaster areas or to collect data in the ocean. The impact of AI on geomatics is still in its early stages, but it has the potential to be transformative. AI is already being used in a variety of geomatics applications, and its use is only going to increase in the future.
Patients’ Reaction to Online Access to Their Electronic Medical Records: The Case of Diabetic Patients in the U.S
One of the pillars of initiatives to boost patient participation and enhance healthcare outcomes is patients' access to their online medical information. This essay aims to deepen readers' awareness of cancer patients' views about and experiences with online medical records as well as the difficulties in creating and implementing e-health services. The study's findings show that online access can aid people in understanding their medical conditions and preparing for doctor appointments. The study demonstrates that, in contrast to the worries of many doctors, internet access to medical records did not significantly raise worry, worries, or hospital phone calls. Methods: The qualitative method of analysis was used in the investigation. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect the data. Most research on patients viewing their EMR up until this point has been based on surveys. In contrast to past attempts, this study might point out a lack of thorough qualitative understanding of how particular patients engage with the EMRs in a particular environment. Results: the study's findings demonstrate that 15 of 20 patients in group A did not experience any negative emotions or offence after reading their medical data. They had discovered mistakes, which is why they had grown irritated. As was already said, none of them believe the errors are severe enough to warrant fixing. Four patients from group A further contended that they were unhappy since the sickness had become more obvious as a result of access to their medical information. They stress that their diabetes diagnosis—rather than the e-Health service—is what caused these sentiments, not the service itself. Conclusion: The majority of the patients' opinions toward the usage of these online EMR features were largely good, according to the research findings of our study of 40 diabetic patients from the Department of Endocrinology, SIU School of Medicine Hospital in Illinois. Most patients were content with the completeness and accuracy of the medical information in their EMR, and they were not worried about the confidentiality or privacy of their medical information or about finding out about test results before discussing them with their doctors.
Detection of the Fake News Using Machine Learning Algorithms and Data Analysis Techniques
Due to the rapid advancement of online social networks in recent years, the prevalence of fake news has increased significantly. Fake news is deliberately created to deceive users by imitating real news, making it challenging to identify early on. So, we need to explore the accompanying information to improve its disclosure such as the publisher. This study focuses on analyzing and investigating various traditional machine learning models to determine the most effective one. The goal is to develop a supervised machine learning algorithm that can classify news articles as either true or fake, utilizing tools like Python’s scikitlearn and NLP for text analysis. The proposed approach involves feature extraction and vectorization. To accomplish this, the scikit-learn library in Python is utilized, which offers helpful tools like CountVectorizer and TfidfVectorizer. The experiment involved implementing well-known algorithms: Logistic regression, Neural networks and SVM, and comparing their performance to determine the most suitable one. Each of the three algorithms performed well, but SVM demonstrated superior outcomes across nearly all categories.
Role of Interpersonal Communication Channels in the Uptake of Cervical Cancer Screening among Women in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya
Cervical cancer remains a serious health challenge in the developing world due to various reasons. Among these reasons are low uptake of screening services owing to poor access to reliable information about cervical cancer, role of screening and treatment options. This paper examines the role of interpersonal communication channels in the uptake of cervical cancers screening services among women in Uasin Gishu County. The study was guided by Diffusion of Innovations (DOI) theory. It utilized mixed methods research design. The target population of the study was all women within the reproductive age of 18-65 years seeking maternal child health services and family planning (MCH-FP) at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya. The study used systematic random sampling method to obtain a sample of 308 from the population. Purposive sampling was used for the key informants, namely 4 health workers and 2 County officers from the Ministry of Health. Two focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted among women with each group composed of 10 women. Data from the FGDs and key informant interviews were used to generate qualitative data. For quantitative data, the study utilized questionnaires for data collection. Quantitative data was analysed using descriptive statistics with the aid of SPSS, version 29. Qualitative data was analysed thematically. The study found that women rely on several channels of communication to access and disseminate cervical cancer information. The most common channels of communication used are friends, health care workers and media channels. From the study findings, it is also concluded that interpersonal communication channels play a key role in the uptake of cervical cancer screening. As such, it is recommended that the major stakeholders, namely the national and county governments, together with non-governmental organizations working in the health sector in Kenya, should make deliberate efforts to formulate policies to guide effective dissemination of cervical cancer messages for prevention, early detection and treatment of cervical cancer.
NORM in the Surface Sediments of Iraqi International Marine Waters
Most radioactivity studies focus on the activity concentration of 232Th and 238U which are associated with heavy minerals, as well as 40K which associated with clay minerals. Within this study samples of surface sediments were collected from three sites 5, 7, and 11 along Khor Abdullah within Iraqi National Waters in order to document activity concentrations of radionuclides, 226Ra, 232Th, 238U, and 40K. Core sediments were investigated as well for determination of TOC. For studied radionuclides, levels recorded were 3.22 ± 0.59 – 37.6 ± 9.9 Bq/kg for 226Ra, 0.1 ± 0.1 – 6 ± 1.6 Bq/kg for 232Th, 1.02 ± 0.2-- 2.7 ±1.2 Bq/kg for 238U, and 124.09 ± 10 – 548.36 ± 44 Bq/kg for 40K. which are comparable to word wide levels. For TOC values recorded in bottom surface sediments from the three sites were 0.919% in site No. 2 to 1.904 % in site No. 1 Which were higher than levels reported in the same sites earlier averaged as 0.53 % . Radium equivalent activity was calculated for the sediments of Khor Abdullah and recorded as 51 Bq/kg which is quite low compared to the world wide level of 350 Bq/kg.
Seasonal Variations for Petroleum Hydrocarbons in the Tissues of Fishes from Shatt Al-Arab River and Southern Iraqi Marshes (2020)
Petroleum hydrocarbons were investigated in the tissues of five fish species: (1) Carrasius auratus, (2) Coptodon zillis, (3) Oreochromis auratus, (4) Oreochromis niloticus, and (5) Tenualosa ilisha, caught at three stations : 1) El-Manthory within Al-Hammar marshland, and 2) Sinbad Island, and 3) Basrah station along Shatt Al-Arab River during the year 2020. Fishes were caught by net , kept in cool box on the board of fishing boat, then transferred to the labs of Marine Science Centre / Basrah University, cleaned and frozen at – 20oC prior to analysis. In the lab fishes were thawed and cut from their sides. Tissues were freeze dried by Edwards freeze drier type Modulyo, homogenized and 10 grams were weighted from each fish, petroleum hydrocarbons were extracted in hot soxhelet by using 40 ml n- hexane solvent for 4 hours . Extracts were reduced to 10 ml each by rotary evaporator. Finally concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons in each sample were estimated spectrofluorometricaly by UV spectrofluorometry type Shimadzu RF-530IPC at excitation wavelength 310 nm and emission wavelength 360 nm. Higher levels were recorded during winter and spring in fishes caught at Shatt Al-Arab River, Stations 2 and 3, while lower levels were recorded in Tenualosa ilisha caught at all stations during spring, increased during summer, then autumn and winter . levels recorded in ?g/g dry weight were in the trend ND < 2.15 < 5.33 ? 4.51 respectively at Sinbad Island site No. 2, ND < 3.09 < 9.18 < 11.64 respectively at Basrah site No 3, and ND < 1.14 < 6.73 < 8.46 respectively at Manthory site No. 1. These levels were comparable to levels reported in fishes studies at nearby areas.